Ring vs Radial Distribution

Correct Answer

C — 1 and 3

Concept and Reasoning

A ring distributor supplies a point from two directions, which generally reduces feeder voltage drop and improves continuity because an affected section can be isolated while supply is maintained from the other side. Ring configuration does not inherently make consumer power factor higher. Therefore statements 1 and 3 are correct: option C.

Calculation / Key Relation

Ring network: alternative supply path → lower drop and higher reliability

Exam Takeaway

Topology improves voltage profile/reliability, not load power factor by itself.

Common Mistake

Do not attribute power-factor improvement to feeder topology without compensation equipment.