Consider the following statements regarding Wave Propagation:1.Wave impedance depends on medium properties such as permittivity and permeability.2.In free space, intrinsic impedance is approximately 377 ohms.3.Wave velocity depends on frequency of wave.4.Higher permittivity reduces wave velocity.Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Correct Answer: B - 1, 2 and 4 only

Quick Concept Explanation

A plane electromagnetic wave can propagate through vacuum without a material medium. In a homogeneous lossless medium, wave speed and intrinsic impedance are set by permittivity and permeability; in free space they reduce to c and about 377 ohms. Key relation: v=1/√(με); η=√(μ/ε); in free space c≈3×10^8 m/s and η0≈377 Ω.

Exam focus: Remember the orthogonal E-H-propagation triad. Common trap: In the elementary nondispersive model, wave speed is not set by frequency.

Statement-wise Verification

• Statement 1 - Correct.
  Wave impedance depends on medium properties such as permittivity and permeability.
  In a homogeneous lossless medium, wave speed and intrinsic impedance are set by permittivity and permeability
• Statement 2 - Correct.
  In free space, intrinsic impedance is approximately 377 ohms.
  In a homogeneous lossless medium, wave speed and intrinsic impedance are set by permittivity and permeability; in free space they reduce to c and about 377 ohms.
• Statement 3 - Incorrect.
  Wave velocity depends on frequency of wave.
  In an ideal nondispersive medium wave speed is 1/√(με), independent of frequency
• Statement 4 - Correct.
  Higher permittivity reduces wave velocity.
  In a homogeneous lossless medium, wave speed and intrinsic impedance are set by permittivity and permeability

Core Concept

A plane electromagnetic wave can propagate through vacuum without a material medium. Its electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular and perpendicular to the propagation direction. In a homogeneous lossless medium, wave speed and intrinsic impedance are set by permittivity and permeability; in free space they reduce to c and about 377 ohms.

Formula / Key Relationship

v=1/√(με); η=√(μ/ε); in free space c≈3×10^8 m/s and η0≈377 Ω.

Why the Other Options Are Wrong

Option A is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 3 and omits correct statement(s) 2, 4. Option C is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 3 and omits correct statement(s) 1, 4. Option D is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 3.

Exam Shortcut / Approach

Remember the orthogonal E-H-propagation triad.

Common Mistake

In the elementary nondispersive model, wave speed is not set by frequency.

Quick Revision

Wave Velocity and Medium Parameters is linked with Intrinsic Impedance and Velocity, Wave Propagation and Electromagnetic Fields. Remember the orthogonal E-H-propagation triad.