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Head Classification and Turbine Type

Match List-I (Classification of head) with List-II (Type of turbine) in regards to hydropower plants and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. List-I List-II a. Low head, 2-15 m 1. Pelton b. Medium head, 16-70 m 2. Francis or Pelton c. High head, 71-500 m 3. Kaplan or Francis d. Very high head, >500 m 4. Propeller or Kaplan Codes: a b c d
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Answer & Explanation
Correct AnswerA. 4 3 2 1

Quick Explanation

Hydraulic-turbine selection follows available head and discharge: Pelton turbines suit high head and low flow, Francis turbines suit medium head, and Kaplan/propeller turbines suit low head and high flow. The matching arrangement represented by option A follows this classification.

Formula / Key Relation

High head→Pelton; medium→Francis; low head→Kaplan/Propeller
Head Classification and Turbine Type explanatory diagram

Detailed Explanation

Correct Answer

A — 4 3 2 1

Concept and Reasoning

Hydraulic-turbine selection follows available head and discharge: Pelton turbines suit high head and low flow, Francis turbines suit medium head, and Kaplan/propeller turbines suit low head and high flow. The matching arrangement represented by option A follows this classification.

Calculation / Key Relation

High head→Pelton

medium→Francis

low head→Kaplan/Propeller

Exam Takeaway

Hydro mnemonic: Pelton high, Francis medium, Kaplan low.

Common Mistake

Do not choose turbine type from power rating alone; head and discharge are the primary hydraulic parameters.

Quick Trick

Hydro mnemonic: Pelton high, Francis medium, Kaplan low.

Common Mistake

Do not choose turbine type from power rating alone; head and discharge are the primary hydraulic parameters.

Exam Tip

Hydro mnemonic: Pelton high, Francis medium, Kaplan low.

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