Statement-wise Verification

• Statement 1 - Correct.
  increasing its voltage level
  Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.
• Statement 2 - Incorrect.
  addition of lumped inductance in parallel
  The correct principle is: Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance.
• Statement 3 - Correct.
  addition of lumped capacitance in series
  Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance.
• Statement 4 - Incorrect.
  reducing the length of the line
  The correct principle is: SIL≈V_LL²/Z_c.

Core Concept

Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance. It scales as voltage squared divided by surge impedance. Series capacitive compensation reduces effective series reactance/surge impedance and therefore can increase SIL.

Formula / Key Relationship

SIL≈V_LL²/Z_c.

Why the Other Options Are Wrong

Option B is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 2, 4 and omits correct statement(s) 1, 3. Option C is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 4 and omits correct statement(s) 3. Option D is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 4 and omits correct statement(s) 1.

Exam Shortcut / Approach

Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.

Common Mistake

Line length itself is not the defining variable in the basic SIL formula.

Quick Revision

SIL and Series Compensation is linked with Surge Impedance Loading, Transmission Lines and Power Systems. Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.

Statement-wise Verification

• Statement 1 - Correct.
  increasing its voltage level
  Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.
• Statement 2 - Incorrect.
  addition of lumped inductance in parallel
  The correct principle is: Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance.
• Statement 3 - Correct.
  addition of lumped capacitance in series
  Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance.
• Statement 4 - Incorrect.
  reducing the length of the line
  The correct principle is: SIL≈V_LL²/Z_c.

Core Concept

Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance. It scales as voltage squared divided by surge impedance. Series capacitive compensation reduces effective series reactance/surge impedance and therefore can increase SIL.

Formula / Key Relationship

SIL≈V_LL²/Z_c.

Why the Other Options Are Wrong

Option B is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 2, 4 and omits correct statement(s) 1, 3. Option C is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 4 and omits correct statement(s) 3. Option D is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 4 and omits correct statement(s) 1.

Exam Shortcut / Approach

Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.

Common Mistake

Line length itself is not the defining variable in the basic SIL formula.

Quick Revision

SIL and Series Compensation is linked with Surge Impedance Loading, Transmission Lines and Power Systems. Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.

Statement-wise Verification

• Statement 1 - Correct.
  increasing its voltage level
  Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.
• Statement 2 - Incorrect.
  addition of lumped inductance in parallel
  The correct principle is: Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance.
• Statement 3 - Correct.
  addition of lumped capacitance in series
  Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance.
• Statement 4 - Incorrect.
  reducing the length of the line
  The correct principle is: SIL≈V_LL²/Z_c.

Core Concept

Surge impedance loading is the power at which a transmission line's reactive generation by capacitance approximately balances reactive absorption by inductance. It scales as voltage squared divided by surge impedance. Series capacitive compensation reduces effective series reactance/surge impedance and therefore can increase SIL.

Formula / Key Relationship

SIL≈V_LL²/Z_c.

Why the Other Options Are Wrong

Option B is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 2, 4 and omits correct statement(s) 1, 3. Option C is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 4 and omits correct statement(s) 3. Option D is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 4 and omits correct statement(s) 1.

Exam Shortcut / Approach

Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.

Common Mistake

Line length itself is not the defining variable in the basic SIL formula.

Quick Revision

SIL and Series Compensation is linked with Surge Impedance Loading, Transmission Lines and Power Systems. Higher voltage has a squared effect on SIL.