Consider the following statements regarding D to A converter characteristics:1.R-2R ladder DAC provides better accuracy and simplicity compared to binary weighted resistor DAC.2.DAC output is independent of reference voltage used in the circuit.3.A Digital-to-Analog Converter converts discrete digital values into corresponding analog voltage or current signals for real-world interfacing.Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Correct Answer: C - 1 and 3 only

Quick Concept Explanation

A DAC converts a digital code into a proportional analog voltage or current. The R-2R ladder uses only two resistor values, making matching and fabrication easier than a wide binary-weighted resistor range. Key relation: Ideal unipolar DAC: V_o∝V_ref×(digital code/2^n).

Exam focus: R-2R needs only R and 2R. Common trap: Reference voltage directly affects full-scale output.

Statement-wise Verification

• Statement 1 - Correct.
  R-2R ladder DAC provides better accuracy and simplicity compared to binary weighted resistor DAC.
  The R-2R ladder uses only two resistor values, making matching and fabrication easier than a wide binary-weighted resistor range.
• Statement 2 - Incorrect.
  DAC output is independent of reference voltage used in the circuit.
  DAC output scale is proportional to its reference voltage
• Statement 3 - Correct.
  A Digital-to-Analog Converter converts discrete digital values into corresponding analog voltage or current signals for real-world interfacing.
  A DAC converts a digital code into a proportional analog voltage or current.

Core Concept

A DAC converts a digital code into a proportional analog voltage or current. The R-2R ladder uses only two resistor values, making matching and fabrication easier than a wide binary-weighted resistor range. Output scale is set by the reference voltage, so the output is not independent of Vref.

Formula / Key Relationship

Ideal unipolar DAC: V_o∝V_ref×(digital code/2^n).

Why the Other Options Are Wrong

Option A is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 2 and omits correct statement(s) 3. Option B is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 2 and omits correct statement(s) 1. Option D is incorrect because it includes incorrect statement(s) 2.

Exam Shortcut / Approach

R-2R needs only R and 2R.

Common Mistake

Reference voltage directly affects full-scale output.

Quick Revision

R-2R Ladder DAC is linked with Digital-to-Analog Conversion, Data Converters and Digital Electronics. R-2R needs only R and 2R.